“The Joint Photographic Experts Group created the standard in 1992, ... JPEG [pronounced
jay peg] was largely responsible for the proliferation of digital images and digital photos across the Internet and later social media.” [JPEG files are usually named file_name.jpg or file_name.JPG.]
(Wikipedia JPEG)
“The Graphics Interchange Format (GIF; [pronounced
ghiforjif]) is a bitmap image format that was developed by a team at the online services provider CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite and released on June 15, 1987. GIF allows for animation.”
[The GIF process is patented, much to the unhappiness of computer professionals; see “PNG”, below.]
(Wikipedia GIF)
“PNG (Portable Network Graphics) [pronounced
ping] was developed as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics Interchange Format (GIF).... The PNG working group designed the format for transferring images on the Internet.” [PNG was named for “PiNG Is Not GIF”.]
(Wikipedia PNG)
“SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics [pronounced
ess vee gee]) is a vector graphics format for defining two-dimensional graphics, having support for ... animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium since 1999.”
(Wikipedia SVG)